Longman Phrasal Verbs Dictionary [PDF]

Жанр: Словарь
ISBN: O 582 291 836
Страниц: 622
Формат: PDF
Качество: OCR без ошибок

Описание:
I. What is a phrasal verb?
A phrasal verb is a verb that consists of two or three words. Most phrasal verbs consist of two words - the first word is a verb, and the second word is a particle. The particle is either an adverb or a preposition. Examples of common phrasal verbs include get up, go off, turn on, make out, and deal with. There are also some three-word phrasal verbs, for example catch up with, look forward to.
An important feature of phrasal verbs is that they are typically idiomatic. Therefore the whole meaning of a phrasal verb cannot be understood by simply putting together the meanings of its individual parts. For example, the meaning of cany out (=do) in the sentence Scientists carried out an experiment is not related to the normal meaning of 'carry' or the meaning of 'out'. Similarly, you could not guess the meaning of pull up (=stop) in the sentence A car pulled up outside the house from the separate meanings of 'pull' and 'up'. A phrasal verb such as answer back (=answer rudely) is related to the meaning of the verb 'answer', but this would not help you to guess the meaning of answer back.
Where a verb freely combines with an adverb or preposition to produce an ordinary meaning, this is NOT a phrasal verb. In sentences such as The boy fell off his bike and We carried some chairs out into the garden, 'fall off' and 'carry out' are not phrasal verbs.

2. Types of phrasal verb included in this dictionary
• idiomatic combinations of VERB + ADVERBIPREPOSmON of the type described above
• verbs that only exist in combination with a particular preposition or adverb, such as rely on, amount to, gee up; and also verbs that only produce a particular meaning when combined with a particular prepositon or adverb, such as deal with, abide by, relate to
• VERB + ADVERB combinations that mean almost the same as the verb itself: eg eat up, hurry up, toil away, where the adverb adds emphasis or an idea of completeness or continuity to the action of the verb
• phrasal verbs that always have 'it' as their object: eg hit it off, jump to it, slug it out
• reflexive phrasal verbs, where the object is always 'myself', 'yourself', 'itself' ete: eg pride yourself on, avail yourself of, lend itself to

NB Do not expect to find fixed idiomatic phrases such as 'step out of line' and 'eat your heart out' in this book. You can find them in the Longman Idioms Dictionary.